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<title>Design elements</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Design elements</span></span>

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</p><p>Design elements are the fundamental building blocks used in visual arts and design disciplines to create compelling and effective compositions. These basic components—such as line, shape, form, space, color, value, texture, pattern, and movement—serve as the visual “vocabulary” from which artists and designers construct work. Each element plays a distinct role: lines guide the viewer’s eye, shapes and forms define structure, color evokes emotion, value and texture add depth, space establishes balance, and patterns or movement introduce rhythm (). Together, these elements interact according to broader design principles—like balance, contrast, and unity—to form coherent, aesthetically pleasing, and purposeful visual messages. Understanding and skillfully applying design elements is essential for creating effective art, graphics, architecture, and other visual media.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Color">Color</h2></div>

<p><a href="Color" title="Color">Color</a> is the result of light reflecting back from an object to our eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The color that our eyes perceive is determined by the <a href="Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> of the object itself.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Color_theory" title="Color theory">Color theory</a> and the <a href="Color_wheel" title="Color wheel">color wheel</a> are often referred to when studying color combinations in visual design.<sup id="cite_ref-Color_matters_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Color_matters-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Color is often deemed to be an important element of design as it is a universal language which presents the countless possibilities of visual communication.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Color serves various purposes to contribute to the overall effectiveness of the design. It is used as an element to convey meaning and emotion, create visual hierarchy, enhance brand identity, improve readability and accessibility, create visual interest and appeal, differentiate information and elements, and make cultural and contextual significance.

</p><p><a href="Hue" title="Hue">Hue</a>, <a href="Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">saturation</a>, and <a href="Brightness" title="Brightness">brightness</a> are the three characteristics that describe color.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Hue" title="Hue">Hue</a> can simply be referred to as "color" as in red, yellow, or green.<sup id="cite_ref-C_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color_theory_in_visual_design">Color theory in visual design</h3></div>

<p><a href="Color_theory" title="Color theory">Color theory</a> studies color mixing and color combinations. It is one of the first things that marked a progressive design approach.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In visual design, designers refer to color theory as a body of practical guidance to achieving certain visual impacts with specific color combinations. Theoretical color knowledge is implemented in designs in order to achieve a successful color design.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Harmony_(color)" title="Harmony (color)"><b>Color harmony</b></a></li></ul>

<p><a href="Harmony_(color)" title="Harmony (color)">Color harmony</a>, often referred to as a "measure of aesthetics",<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> studies which color combinations are harmonious and pleasing to the eye, and which color combinations are not.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Color harmony is a main concern for designers given that colors always exist in the presence of other colors in form or space.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>When a designer <b>harmonizes</b> colors, the relationships among a set of colors are enhanced to increase the way they complement one another. Colors are harmonized to achieve a balanced, unified, and aesthetically pleasing effect for the viewer.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Color harmony is achieved in a variety of ways, some of which consist of combining a set of colors that share the same hue, or a set of colors that share the same values for two of the three color characteristics (hue, saturation, brightness).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Color harmony can also be achieved by simply combining colors that are considered compatible with one another<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as represented in the <a href="Color_wheel" title="Color wheel">color wheel</a>.

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<ul><li><a href="Contrast_(vision)" title="Contrast (vision)"><b>Color contrasts</b></a></li></ul>

<p><a href="Contrast_(vision)" title="Contrast (vision)">Color contrasts</a> are studied with a pair of colors, as opposed to color harmony, which studies a set of colors. In color contrasting, two colors with perceivable differences in aspects, such as luminance or saturation, are placed side by side to create contrast.

</p><p><a href="Johannes_Itten" title="Johannes Itten">Johannes Itten</a> presented seven kinds of color contrasts: contrast of light and dark, contrast of hue, contrast of temperature, contrast of <a href="Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">saturation</a>, simultaneous contrast, contrast of sizes, and contrast of complementary.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These seven kinds of color contrasts have inspired past works involving color schemes in design.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Color_scheme" title="Color scheme"><b>Color schemes</b></a></li></ul>

<p><a href="Color_scheme" title="Color scheme">Color schemes</a> are defined as the set of colors chosen for a design. They are often made up of two or more colors that look appealing beside one another, and that create an <a href="Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetic</a> feeling when used together. Color schemes depend on <a href="Harmony_(color)" title="Harmony (color)">color harmony</a> as they point to which colors look pleasing beside one another.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A satisfactory design product is often accompanied by a successful color scheme. Over time, color design tools with the function of generating color schemes were developed to facilitate color harmonizing for designers.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_color_in_visual_design">Use of color in visual design</h3></div>

<ul><li>Color is used to create harmony, balance, and visual comfort in a design<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Color is used to evoke the desired mood and emotion in the viewer<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Color is used to create a <a href="Theme_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (arts)">theme</a> in the design<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Color holds meaning and can be symbolic. In certain cultures, different colors can have different meanings.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Color is used to put emphasis on desired elements and create <a href="Visual_hierarchy" title="Visual hierarchy">visual hierarchy</a> in a piece of art<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Color can create identity for a certain brand or design product<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Color allows viewers to have different interpretations of visual designs. The same color can evoke different emotions, or have various meanings to different individuals and cultures<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Color strategies are used for organization and <a href="Consistency" title="Consistency">consistency</a> in a design product<sup id="cite_ref-C_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>In the <a href="Architectural_designer" title="Architectural designer">architectural design</a> of a retail environment, colors affect decision-making, making which motivates consumers to buy particular products<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Color strengthens narrative and storytelling in visual design.</li>

<li>Color can represent characters, themes, and symbolism.</li>

<li>Color is a tool that designers use to strategically add layers of meaning and subtext to their designs.</li>

<li>Colors can create recurring visual motifs in a design, strengthening ideas and fostering coherence.</li>

<li>Color is an effective tool for communication because it allows for complex interpretation and expression.</li></ul>

<p>More specifically, Line is defined as a series of points, or the connection between two points, or the path of a moving point.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The importance of line comes from its versatility as its characteristics is significantly expressive.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lines may also appear as linear shapes that take on a line-link quality, or as suggested line perceived from eyes as they follow a sequence related shapes. Line may be used either in two-dimensional forms with enclosing a space as an outline and creating shape, or in three-dimensional forms. On top of that, there are different types of lines aside from the ones previously mentioned. For example, you could have a line that is horizontal and zigzagged or a line that is vertical and zigzagged. Different lines create different moods, it all depends on what mood you are using line to create and convey.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Point">Point</h2></div>

<p>A point is basically the beginning of “something” in “nothing”. It forces the mind to think upon its position and gives something to build upon in both imagination and space. Some abstract points in a group can provoke human imagination to link it with familiar shapes or forms.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shape">Shape</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Shape_and_form_(visual_arts)" title="Shape and form (visual arts)">Shape and form (visual arts)</a></div>

<p>Shapes are recognizable objects and forms<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are usually composed of other elements of design.<sup id="cite_ref-Design_Notes_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Design_Notes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>For example, a <a href="Square" title="Square">square</a> that is drawn on a piece of paper is considered a shape. It is created with a series of lines which serve as a boundary that shapes the square and separates it from the space around it that is not part of the square.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_shapes">Types of shapes</h3></div>

<p><a href="Organic_form" title="Organic form"><b>Organic shapes</b></a> are irregular shapes<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that are often complex and resemble shapes that are found in <a href="Nature" title="Nature">nature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Design_Notes_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Design_Notes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organic shapes can be drawn by hand, which is why they are sometimes subjective and only exist in the imagination of the artist.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><b>Curvilinear shapes</b> are composed of curved lines and smooth edges. They give off a more natural feeling to the shape. In contrast, <b>rectilinear shapes</b> are composed of sharp edges and <a href="Right_angle" title="Right angle">right angles</a>, and give off a sense of order in the <a href="Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">composition</a>. They look more human-made, structured, and <a href="Artificiality" title="Artificiality">artificial</a>. Artists can choose to create a composition that revolves mainly around one of these styles of shape, or they can choose to combine both.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Texture">Texture</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Texture_(visual_arts)" title="Texture (visual arts)">Texture (visual arts)</a></div>

<p><a href="Texture_(visual_arts)" title="Texture (visual arts)">Texture</a> refers to the physical and visual qualities of a surface.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition_of_texture">Definition of texture</h3></div>

<p>Texture is the variation of data at a scale smaller than the scale of the main object.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taking a person wearing a Hawaiian shirt as an example, as long as we consider the person as the main object looking at, the patterns of their shirt are considered as texture. However, if we try to identify the pattern of the shirt, each flower or bird of the pattern is a non-textured object, as no smaller detail inside of it can be recognized. Texture in our environment helps us to better understand the nature of things, as a smooth paved road signals safe passage and thick fog creates a veil on our view.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texture_in_design">Texture in design</h3></div>

<p>Texture in design includes the literal physical surface employed in a printed piece as well as the optical appearance of the surface. Physical texture affects how the piece feels in hand and also how it conveys the design, as a glossy surface for example reflects the light differently than a soft or pebbly one. Many of the textures manipulated by graphic designers, however, cannot be physically experienced as it is utilized in the visual representation aspect of the design. Texture adds detail to an image in a way that conveys the overall quality of a surface.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graphic designers use texture to establish a mood, reinforce a point of view, or convey a sense of physical presence whether setting a type or drawing a tree.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uses_of_texture_in_design">Uses of texture in design</h3></div>

<ul><li>Texture can also be used to add complex detail into the <a href="Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">composition</a> of a design.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>In theatrical design, the surface qualities of a costume sculpt the look and feel of a character, which influences the way the audience reacts to the character.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<dl><dt>Types of texture</dt></dl>

<p><b>Tactile texture</b>, also known as "actual texture", refers to the physical three-dimensional texture of an object. Tactile texture can be perceived by the sense of touch. A person can feel the tactile texture of a sculpture by running their hand over its surface and feelings its ridges and dents.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li>Texture can be created through <a href="Collage" title="Collage">collage</a>. This is when artists assemble three dimensional objects and apply them onto a two-dimensional surface, like a piece of paper or canvas, to create one final composition.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Papier_coll%C3%A9" title="Papier collé">Papier collé</a> is another collaging technique in which artists glue paper to a surface to create different textures on its surface.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Assemblage_(art)" title="Assemblage (art)">Assemblage</a> is a technique that consists of assembling various three-dimensional objects into a sculpture, which can also reveal textures to the viewer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p><b>Visual texture</b>, also referred to as "implied texture", is not detectable by our sense of touch, but by our sense of sight. Visual texture is the illusion of a real texture on a two-dimensional surface.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any texture perceived in an image or photograph is a visual texture. A photograph of rough tree bark is considered a visual texture. It creates the impression of a real texture on a two-dimensional surface which would remain smooth to the touch no matter how rough the represented texture is.<sup id="cite_ref-Design_Notes_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Design_Notes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In painting, different <a href="Paint" title="Paint">paints</a> are used to achieve different types of textures. Paints such as <a href="Oil_paint" title="Oil paint">oil</a>, <a href="Acrylic_paint" title="Acrylic paint">acrylic</a>, and <a href="Encaustic_painting" title="Encaustic painting">encaustic</a> are thicker and more <a href="Opacity_(optics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Opacity (optics)">opaque</a> and are used to create three-dimensional impressions on the surface. Other paints, such as <a href="Watercolor_painting" title="Watercolor painting">watercolor</a>, tend to be used for visual textures, because they are thinner and have transparency, and do not leave much tactile texture on the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pattern">Pattern</h3></div>

<p>Many textures appear to repeat the same <a href="Motif_(visual_arts)" title="Motif (visual arts)">motif</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a motif is repeated over and over again in a surface, it results in a <b><a href="Pattern" title="Pattern">pattern</a></b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Design_Notes_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Design_Notes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patterns are frequently used in <a href="Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">fashion design</a> or <a href="Textile_design" title="Textile design">textile design</a>, where motifs are repeated to create decorative patterns on fabric or other <a href="Textile" title="Textile">textile</a> materials. Patterns are also used in <a href="Architecture" title="Architecture">architectural design</a>, where decorative structural elements such as <a href="Window" title="Window">windows</a>, <a href="Column" title="Column">columns</a>, or <a href="Pediment" title="Pediment">pediments</a>, are incorporated into building design.

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<ul><li><a href="Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">Composition (visual arts)</a></li>

<li><a href="Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior design</a></li>

<li><a href="Landscape_design" title="Landscape design">Landscape design</a></li>

<li><a href="Pattern_language" title="Pattern language">Pattern language</a></li>

<li><a href="Elements_of_art" title="Elements of art">Elements of art</a></li>

<li><a href="Color_theory" title="Color theory">Color theory</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFE.2014" class="citation book cs1">E., Malloy, Kaoime (2014-09-26). <i>The art of theatrical design : elements of visual composition, methods, and practice</i>. New York. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781138021501</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/882620042">882620042</a>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Color_matters-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Color_matters_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colormatters.com/color-and-design/basic-color-theory">"basic color theory"</a>. <i>color matters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJasper2014" class="citation journal cs1">Jasper, Adam (2014-05-04). "Colour Theory". <i>Architectural Theory Review</i>. <b>19</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">119–</span>123. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13264826.2014.991017">10.1080/13264826.2014.991017</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1326-4826">1326-4826</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218640469">218640469</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lirmm.fr/~mountaz/Publi/Upload/iv-12.pdf"><i>Visual Color Design, 16th International Conference Information on Visualisation (IV 2012) : Montpellier, France, 11-13 July 2012</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IEEE Computer Society. Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE Computer Society. 2012. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781467322607</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/823906734">823906734</a>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-C-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2011" class="citation book cs1">White, Alex (2011). <i>The Elements of Graphic Design</i>. New York, NY: Allworth Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">81–</span>105. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-58115-762-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229918657">"The Architectural Colour Design Process: An Evaluation of Sequential Media via Semantic Ratings"</a>. <i>ResearchGate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLuo2006" class="citation journal cs1">Luo, Ming Ronnier (2006-06-01). "Applying colour science in colour design". <i>Optics & Laser Technology</i>. <b>38</b> (<span class="nowrap">4–</span>6): <span class="nowrap">392–</span>398. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006OptLT..38..392L">2006OptLT..38..392L</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.optlastec.2005.06.025">10.1016/j.optlastec.2005.06.025</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0030-3992">0030-3992</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:4-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTantanatewinInkarojrit2016" class="citation journal cs1">Tantanatewin, Warakul; Inkarojrit, Vorapat (2016-06-01). "Effects of color and lighting on retail impression and identity". <i>Journal of Environmental Psychology</i>. <b>46</b>: <span class="nowrap">197–</span>205. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jenvp.2016.04.015">10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.04.015</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0272-4944">0272-4944</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLuptonPhillips2008" class="citation book cs1">Lupton, Ellen; Phillips, Jennifer Cole (2008-03-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zae0jhF_-fMC&q=Lupton%2C+Ellen%2C+and+Jennifer+Cole+Phillips.+Graphic+design%3A+The+new+basics.+Princeton+Architectural+Press%2C+2008.&pg=PA8"><i>Graphic Design: The New Basics</i></a>. Princeton Architectural Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-56898-702-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWolfBlock2014" class="citation book cs1">Wolf, R. Craig; Block, Dick (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thuvienso.hoasen.edu.vn/handle/123456789/13070"><i>Scene design and stage lighting</i></a>. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-111-34443-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Design_Notes-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Design_Notes_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Design_Notes_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Design_Notes_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Design_Notes_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSaw" class="citation web cs1">Saw, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daphne.palomar.edu/design/Default.htm">"Design Notes"</a>. Palomar College<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPetrouKamata2021" class="citation book cs1">Petrou, Maria M. P.; Kamata, Sei-ichiro (2021-01-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=auQUEAAAQBAJ&q=Petrou%2C+Maria+MP%2C+and+Sei-ichiro+Kamata.+Image+processing%3A+dealing+with+texture.+John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+2021.&pg=PP7"><i>Image Processing: Dealing with Texture</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-119-61859-1</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<ul><li>Kilmer, R., & Kilmer, W. O. (1992). Designing Interiors. Orland, FL: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-03-032233-4</bdi>.</li>

<li>Nielson, K. J., & Taylor, D. A. (2002). Interiors: An Introduction. New York: <a href="McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.</a> <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-07-296520-9</bdi></li>

<li>Pile, J.F. (1995; fourth edition, 2007). Interior Design. New York: <a href="Harry_N._Abrams%2C_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Harry N. Abrams, Inc.">Harry N. Abrams, Inc.</a> <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-13-232103-7</bdi></li>

<li>Sully, Anthony (2012). <i>Interior Design: Theory and Process</i>. London: Bloomsbury. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4081-5202-7</bdi>.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://char.txa.cornell.edu/first.htm">Art, Design, and Visual Thinking</a>. An online, interactive textbook by Charlotte Jirousek at Cornell University.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visual.ly/6-principles-design">The 6 Principles of Design</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Design_elements47" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements of 2D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Shape_and_form_(visual_arts)" title="Shape and form (visual arts)">Shape</a></li>

<li><a href="Texture_(visual_arts)" title="Texture (visual arts)">Texture</a></li>

<li><a href="Lightness" title="Lightness">Value</a></li>

<li><a href="Color_(visual_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Color (visual arts)">Color</a></li>

<li>Space</li>

<li>Movement</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements of 3D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Texture_(visual_arts)" title="Texture (visual arts)">Texture</a></li>

<li>Light</li>

<li><a href="Color_(visual_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Color (visual arts)">Color</a></li>

<li>Space</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Design56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Design56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Design" title="Design">Design</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_design" title="Outline of design">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="Designer" title="Designer">Designer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disciplines56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disciplines</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Communication_design" title="Communication design">Communication<br>design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_design" title="Book design">Book design</a></li>

<li><a href="Brand" title="Brand">Brand design</a></li>

<li><a href="Exhibit_design" title="Exhibit design">Exhibit design</a></li>

<li><a href="Film_title_design" title="Film title design">Film title design</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Motion_graphic_design" title="Motion graphic design">Motion</a></li>

<li><a href="Postage_stamp_design" title="Postage stamp design">Postage stamp design</a></li>

<li><a href="Print_design" title="Print design">Print design</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li>

<li><a href="Instructional_design" title="Instructional design">Instructional design</a></li>

<li><a href="News_design" title="News design">News design</a></li>

<li><a href="Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></li>

<li><a href="Retail_design" title="Retail design">Retail design</a></li>

<li><a href="Signage" title="Signage">Signage</a> / <a href="Traffic_sign_design" title="Traffic sign design">Traffic sign design</a></li>

<li><a href="Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a> / <a href="Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_design" title="Video design">Video design</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_merchandising" title="Visual merchandising">Visual merchandising</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Environmental_design" title="Environmental design">Environmental<br>design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Architectural_lighting_design" title="Architectural lighting design">Architectural lighting design</a></li>

<li><a href="Building_design" title="Building design">Building design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Passive_solar_building_design" title="Passive solar building design">Passive solar</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_impact_design" title="Environmental impact design">Environmental impact design</a></li>

<li><a href="Garden_design" title="Garden design">Garden design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Computer-aided_garden_design" title="Computer-aided garden design">Computer-aided</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Healthy_community_design" title="Healthy community design">Healthy community design</a></li>

<li><a href="Hotel_design" title="Hotel design">Hotel design</a></li>

<li><a href="Interior_architecture" title="Interior architecture">Interior architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior design</a>

<li><a href="Keyline_design" title="Keyline design">Keyline design</a></li>

<li><a href="Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sustainable_landscape_architecture" title="Sustainable landscape architecture">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Landscape_design" title="Landscape design">Landscape design</a></li>

<li><a href="Spatial_design" title="Spatial design">Spatial design</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Industrial<br>design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Automotive design</a></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_suspension_design_process" title="Automotive suspension design process">Automotive suspension design</a></li>

<li><a href="CMF_design" title="CMF design">CMF design</a></li>

<li><a href="Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li>

<li><a href="Electric_guitar_design" title="Electric guitar design">Electric guitar design</a></li>

<li><a href="Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sustainable_furniture_design" title="Sustainable furniture design">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li>

<li><a href="Motorcycle_design" title="Motorcycle design">Motorcycle design</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging_and_labeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Packaging and labeling">Packaging and labeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Photographic_lens_design" title="Photographic lens design">Photographic lens design</a></li>

<li><a href="Product_design" title="Product design">Product design</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production design</a></li>

<li><a href="Sensory_design" title="Sensory design">Sensory design</a></li>

<li><a href="Service_design" title="Service design">Service design</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Interaction_design" title="Interaction design">Interaction<br>design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Experience_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Experience design">Experience design</a>

<li><a href="Game_design" title="Game design">Game design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games)">Level design</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_game_design" title="Video game design">Video game design</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li>

<li><a href="Icon_design" title="Icon design">Icon design</a></li>

<li><a href="Immersive_design" title="Immersive design">Immersive design</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li>

<li><a href="Interactive_design" title="Interactive design">Interactive design</a></li>

<li><a href="Sonic_interaction_design" title="Sonic interaction design">Sonic interaction design</a></li>

<li><a href="User_experience_design" title="User experience design">User experience design</a></li>

<li><a href="User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_design" title="Web design">Web design</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br><a href="Applied_arts" title="Applied arts">applied arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Public_art" title="Public art">Public art design</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramic</a> / <a href="Glass_art" title="Glass art">glass design</a></li>

<li><a href="Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Costume_design" title="Costume design">Costume design</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewellery_design" title="Jewellery design">Jewellery design</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Floral_design" title="Floral design">Floral design</a></li>

<li><a href="Game_art_design" title="Game art design">Game art design</a></li>

<li><a href="Property_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Property designer">Property design</a></li>

<li><a href="Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">Scenic design</a></li>

<li><a href="Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound design</a></li>

<li><a href="Lighting_design" title="Lighting design">Stage/set lighting design</a></li>

<li><a href="Textile_design" title="Textile design">Textile design</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br>design<br>& <a href="Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Algorithm_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Algorithm design">Algorithm design</a></li>

<li><a href="Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">Behavioural design</a></li>

<li><a href="Boiler_design" title="Boiler design">Boiler design</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_design" title="Database design">Database design</a></li>

<li><a href="Drug_design" title="Drug design">Drug design</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrical_system_design" title="Electrical system design">Electrical system design</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_of_experiments" title="Design of experiments">Experimental design</a></li>

<li><a href="Filter_design" title="Filter design">Filter design</a></li>

<li><a href="Geometric_design" title="Geometric design">Geometric design</a></li>

<li><a href="Work_design" title="Work design">Work design</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_circuit_design" title="Integrated circuit design">Integrated circuit design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Circuit_design" title="Circuit design">Circuit design</a></li>

<li><a href="Physical_design_(electronics)" title="Physical design (electronics)">Physical design</a></li>

<li><a href="Power_network_design_(IC)" title="Power network design (IC)">Power network design</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mechanism_design" title="Mechanism design">Mechanism design</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_weapon_design" title="Nuclear weapon design">Nuclear weapon design</a></li>

<li><a href="Nucleic_acid_design" title="Nucleic acid design">Nucleic acid design</a></li>

<li><a href="Organizational_architecture" title="Organizational architecture">Organization design</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_design" title="Process design">Process design</a></li>

<li><a href="Processor_design" title="Processor design">Processor design</a></li>

<li><a href="Protein_design" title="Protein design">Protein design</a></li>

<li><a href="Research_design" title="Research design">Research design</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_design" title="Social design">Social design</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_design" title="Software design">Software design</a></li>

<li><a href="Spacecraft_design" title="Spacecraft design">Spacecraft design</a></li>

<li><a href="Strategic_design" title="Strategic design">Strategic design</a></li>

<li><a href="Systems_design" title="Systems design">Systems design</a></li>

<li><a href="Test_design" title="Test design">Test design</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Approaches56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Approaches</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_design" title="Active design">Active</a></li>

<li><a href="Activity-centered_design" title="Activity-centered design">Activity-centered</a></li>

<li><a href="Adaptive_web_design" title="Adaptive web design">Adaptive web</a></li>

<li><a href="Affective_design" title="Affective design">Affective</a></li>

<li><a href="Brainstorming" title="Brainstorming">Brainstorming</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_by_committee" title="Design by committee">By committee</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_by_contract" title="Design by contract">By contract</a></li>

<li><a href="C-K_theory" title="C-K theory">C-K theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_closure" title="Design closure">Closure</a></li>

<li><a href="Configuration_design" title="Configuration design">Configuration</a></li>

<li><a href="Contextual_design" title="Contextual design">Contextual</a></li>

<li><a href="Continuous_design" title="Continuous design">Continuous</a></li>

<li><a href="Cradle-to-cradle_design" title="Cradle-to-cradle design">Cradle-to-cradle</a></li>

<li><a href="Creative_problem-solving" title="Creative problem-solving">Creative problem-solving</a></li>

<li><a href="Creativity_techniques" title="Creativity techniques">Creativity techniques</a></li>

<li><a href="Critical_design" title="Critical design">Critical</a>

<ul><li><a href="Design_fiction" title="Design fiction">Design fiction</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Defensive_design" title="Defensive design">Defensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Design%E2%80%93bid%E2%80%93build" title="Design–bid–build">Design–bid–build</a></li>

<li><a href="Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a>

<ul><li><a href="Architect-led_design%E2%80%93build" class="mw-redirect" title="Architect-led design–build">architect-led</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Diffuse_design" title="Diffuse design">Diffuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Domain-driven_design" title="Domain-driven design">Domain-driven</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li>

<li><a href="Energy_neutral_design" title="Energy neutral design">Energy neutral</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_design_process" title="Engineering design process">Engineering design process</a>

<ul><li><a href="Probabilistic_design" title="Probabilistic design">Probabilistic design</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ergonomic_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Ergonomic design">Ergonomic</a></li>

<li><a href="Error-tolerant_design" title="Error-tolerant design">Error-tolerant</a></li>

<li><a href="Evidence-based_design" title="Evidence-based design">Evidence-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Fault-tolerant_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault-tolerant design">Fault-tolerant</a></li>

<li><a href="Feminist_design" title="Feminist design">Feminist</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_for_assembly" title="Design for assembly">For assembly</a></li>

<li><a href="Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">For behaviour change</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_for_manufacturability" title="Design for manufacturability">For manufacturability</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_for_Six_Sigma" title="Design for Six Sigma">For Six Sigma</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_for_testing" title="Design for testing">For testing</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_for_the_environment" title="Design for the environment">For the environment</a></li>

<li><a href="Framework-oriented_design" title="Framework-oriented design">Framework-oriented</a></li>

<li><a href="Functional_design" title="Functional design">Functional</a></li>

<li><a href="Generative_design" title="Generative design">Generative</a></li>

<li><a href="Geodesign" title="Geodesign">Geodesign</a></li>

<li><a href="High-level_design" title="High-level design">High-level</a></li>

<li><a href="Hostile_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Hostile design">Hostile</a></li>

<li><a href="Inclusive_design" title="Inclusive design">Inclusive</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_design" title="Integrated design">Integrated</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_topside_design" title="Integrated topside design">Integrated topside</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence-based_design" title="Intelligence-based design">Intelligence-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Iterative_design" title="Iterative design">Iterative</a></li>

<li><a href="KISS_principle" title="KISS principle">KISS principle</a></li>

<li><a href="Low-level_design" title="Low-level design">Low-level</a></li>

<li><a href="Metadesign" title="Metadesign">Metadesign</a></li>

<li><a href="Mind_map" title="Mind map">Mind mapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Modular_design" title="Modular design">Modular</a></li>

<li><a href="Object-oriented_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented design">Object-oriented</a></li>

<li><a href="Parametric_design" title="Parametric design">Parametric</a></li>

<li><a href="Participatory_design" title="Participatory design">Participatory</a></li>

<li><a href="Platform-based_design" title="Platform-based design">Platform-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Policy-based_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Policy-based design">Policy-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Prevention_through_design" title="Prevention through design">Prevention through</a></li>

<li><a href="Process-centered_design" title="Process-centered design">Process-centered</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_interest_design" title="Public interest design">Public interest</a>

<ul><li><a href="Opinion_poll" title="Opinion poll">Opinion poll</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_opinion" title="Public opinion">Public opinion</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Rational_design" title="Rational design">Rational</a></li>

<li><a href="Regenerative_design" title="Regenerative design">Regenerative</a></li>

<li><a href="Reliability_engineering" title="Reliability engineering">Reliability engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Research-based_design" title="Research-based design">Research-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Responsibility-driven_design" title="Responsibility-driven design">Responsibility-driven</a></li>

<li><a href="Speculative_design" title="Speculative design">Speculative</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable</a></li>

<li><a href="Systemic_design" title="Systemic design">Systemic</a>

<li><a href="Tableless_web_design" title="Tableless web design">Tableless web</a></li>

<li><a href="Theory_of_constraints" title="Theory of constraints">Theory of constraints</a></li>

<li><a href="Top-down_and_bottom-up_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-down and bottom-up design">Top-down and bottom-up</a></li>

<li><a href="Transformation_design" title="Transformation design">Transformation</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgenerational_design" title="Transgenerational design">Transgenerational</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_design" title="Universal design">Universal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Design_for_All_(in_ICT)" title="Design for All (in ICT)">Design for All</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Usage-centered_design" title="Usage-centered design">Usage-centered</a></li>

<li><a href="Use-centered_design" title="Use-centered design">Use-centered</a></li>

<li><a href="User-centered_design" title="User-centered design">User-centered</a>

<ul><li><a href="Empathic_design" title="Empathic design">Empathic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="User_innovation" title="User innovation">User innovation</a></li>

<li><a href="Value-driven_design" title="Value-driven design">Value-driven</a></li>

<li><a href="Value_sensitive_design" title="Value sensitive design">Value sensitive</a>

<ul><li><a href="Privacy_by_design" title="Privacy by design">Privacy by</a></li>

<li><a href="Quality_by_design" title="Quality by design">Quality by</a></li>

<li><a href="Secure_by_design" title="Secure by design">Secure by</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>Design <a href="Design_choice" title="Design choice">choice</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_computing" title="Design computing">computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_controls" title="Design controls">controls</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_culture" title="Design culture">culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Design justice">justice</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_leadership" title="Design leadership">leadership</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_management" title="Design management">management</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_marker" title="Design marker">marker</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_methods" title="Design methods">methods</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_pattern" title="Design pattern">pattern</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_research" title="Design research">research</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_science" title="Design science">science</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_sprint" title="Design sprint">sprint</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Design strategy">strategy</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_theory" title="Design theory">theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_thinking" title="Design thinking">thinking</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ToolsIntellectual_propertyOrganizationsAwards56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Tools</li><li>Intellectual property</li><li>Organizations</li><li>Awards</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Design_tool" title="Design tool">Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Architectural_model" title="Architectural model">Architectural model</a></li>

<li><a href="Blueprint" title="Blueprint">Blueprint</a></li>

<li><a href="Comprehensive_layout" title="Comprehensive layout">Comprehensive layout</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_home_design_software" title="Virtual home design software">Virtual home design software</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Computer-automated_design" title="Computer-automated design">CAutoD</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_quality_indicator" title="Design quality indicator">Design quality indicator</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electronic design automation</a></li>

<li><a href="Flowchart" title="Flowchart">Flowchart</a></li>

<li><a href="Mockup" title="Mockup">Mockup</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_specification" title="Design specification">Design specification</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_system" title="Design system">Design system</a></li>

<li><a href="Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototype</a></li>

<li><a href="Sketch_(drawing)" title="Sketch (drawing)">Sketch</a></li>

<li><a href="Storyboard" title="Storyboard">Storyboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawing</a></li>

<li><a href="HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Website_wireframe" title="Website wireframe">Website wireframe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectual<br>property</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Clean-room_design" title="Clean-room design">Clean-room design</a></li>

<li><a href="Community_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Community design">Community design</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_around" title="Design around">Design around</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_infringement" title="Design infringement">Design infringement</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_patent" title="Design patent">Design patent</a></li>

<li><a href="Fashion_design_copyright" title="Fashion design copyright">Fashion design copyright</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Geschmacksmuster" title="Geschmacksmuster">Geschmacksmuster</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_design_right" title="Industrial design right">Industrial design rights</a>

<ul><li><a href="Industrial_design_rights_in_the_European_Union" title="Industrial design rights in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_Institute_of_Graphic_Arts" title="American Institute of Graphic Arts">American Institute of Graphic Arts</a></li>

<li><a href="Chartered_Society_of_Designers" title="Chartered Society of Designers">Chartered Society of Designers</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_and_Industries_Association" title="Design and Industries Association">Design and Industries Association</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_Council" title="Design Council">Design Council</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Forum_Design" title="International Forum Design">International Forum Design</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_Research_Society" title="Design Research Society">Design Research Society</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="European_Design_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="European Design Award">European Design Award</a></li>

<li><a href="German_Design_Award" title="German Design Award">German Design Award</a></li>

<li><a href="Good_Design_Award_(Museum_of_Modern_Art)" title="Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)">Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)</a></li>

<li><a href="Good_Design_Award_(Chicago_Athenaeum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)">Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphex" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphex">Graphex</a></li>

<li><a href="IF_Product_Design_Award" title="IF Product Design Award">IF Product Design Award</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Dyson_Award" title="James Dyson Award">James Dyson Award</a></li>

<li><a href="Prince_Philip_Designers_Prize" title="Prince Philip Designers Prize">Prince Philip Designers Prize</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li>

<li><a href="Concept_art" title="Concept art">Concept art</a></li>

<li><a href="Conceptual_design" title="Conceptual design">Conceptual design</a></li>

<li><a href="Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative industries</a></li>

<li><a href="Cultural_icon" title="Cultural icon">Cultural icon</a></li>

<li><a href=".design" title=".design">.design</a></li>

<li><a href="Dominant_design" title="Dominant design">Dominant design</a></li>

<li><a href="Enterprise_architecture" title="Enterprise architecture">Enterprise architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Form_factor_(design)" title="Form factor (design)">Form factor</a></li>

<li><a href="Futures_studies" title="Futures studies">Futures studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Indie_design" title="Indie design">Indie design</a></li>

<li><a href="Innovation_management" title="Innovation management">Innovation management</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li>

<li><a href="Lean_startup" title="Lean startup">Lean startup</a></li>

<li><a href="New_product_development" title="New product development">New product development</a></li>

<li><a href="Philosophy_of_design" title="Philosophy of design">Philosophy of design</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_simulation" title="Process simulation">Process simulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Reference_design" title="Reference design">Reference design</a></li>

<li><a href="Slow_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Slow design">Slow design</a></li>

<li><a href="STEAM_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="STEAM fields">STEAM fields</a></li>

<li><a href="Argument_from_poor_design" title="Argument from poor design">Unintelligent design</a></li>

<li><a href="Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Visualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Wicked_problem" title="Wicked problem">Wicked problem</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>Design <a href="List_of_system_quality_attributes" title="List of system quality attributes">attributes</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_brief" title="Design brief">brief</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_change" title="Design change">change</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_classic" title="Design classic">classic</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_competition" title="Design competition">competition</a>

<ul><li><a href="Architectural_design_competition" title="Architectural design competition">architectural</a></li>

<li><a href="Student_design_competition" title="Student design competition">student</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Design_director" title="Design director">director</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_education" title="Design education">education</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_engineer" title="Design engineer">engineer</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_history" title="Design history">history</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_knowledge" title="Design knowledge">knowledge</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_language" title="Design language">language</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_museum" title="Design museum">museum</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_optimization" title="Design optimization">optimization</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_paradigm" title="Design paradigm">paradigm</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_principles" title="Design principles">principles</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_rationale" title="Design rationale">rationale</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_review" title="Design review">review</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_specification" title="Design specification">specification</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_studies" title="Design studies">studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Design studio">studio</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_technology" title="Design technology">technology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Visual_arts_and_the_art_world208" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Visual_arts_and_the_art_world208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a> and the <a href="Art_world" title="Art world">art world</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation</a></li>

<li><a href="Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a></li>

<li><a href="Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li>

<li><a href="Cultural_artifact" title="Cultural artifact">Cultural artifact</a></li>

<li><a href="Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a></li>

<li><a href="Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art photograph</a></li>

<li><a href="Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li>

<li><a href="Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li>

<li><a href="Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixed_media" title="Mixed media">Mixed media</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bricolage" title="Bricolage">bricolage</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mural" title="Mural">Mural</a>

<ul><li><a href="Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a></li>

<li><a href="Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Media_art_history" title="Media art history">history</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_art" title="Virtual art">virtual</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_arts" title="Plastic arts">Plastic arts</a></li>

<li><a href="Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li>

<li><a href="Printmaking" title="Printmaking">Printmaking</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Street_art" title="Street art">street art</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a>

<ul><li><a href="Carving" title="Carving">carving</a></li>

<li><a href="Relief" title="Relief">relief</a></li>

<li><a href="Statue" title="Statue">statue</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_tallest_statues" title="List of tallest statues">tallest</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Site-specific_art" title="Site-specific art">Site-specific art</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_sculpture" title="Social sculpture">Social sculpture</a></li>

<li><a href="Soft_sculpture" title="Soft sculpture">Soft sculpture</a></li>

<li><a href="Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Artwork_title" title="Artwork title">Artwork title</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Artist" title="Artist">Artist</a></li>

<li><a href="Private_collection" title="Private collection">Collector</a></li>

<li><a href="Conservator-restorer" title="Conservator-restorer">Conservator-restorer</a>

<ul><li><a href="Paintings_conservator" title="Paintings conservator">paintings</a></li>

<li><a href="Conservation_and_restoration_of_frescos" title="Conservation and restoration of frescos">frescos</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Art_critic" title="Art critic">Critic</a></li>

<li><a href="Curator" title="Curator">Curator</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">Dealer</a></li>

<li><a href="Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">Model</a></li>

<li><a href="Patronage" title="Patronage">Patron</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_arts_education" title="Visual arts education">Visual arts education</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_art_universities_and_colleges_in_Europe" title="List of art universities and colleges in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places<br>and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Art_auction" title="Art auction">Art auction</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_colony" title="Art colony">Art colony</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Art commune">Art commune</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition">Art exhibition</a>

<ul><li><a href="Alternative_exhibition_space" title="Alternative exhibition space">alternative exhibition space</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">Art gallery</a>

<ul><li><a href="Contemporary_art_gallery" title="Contemporary art gallery">Contemporary art gallery</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Art_museum" title="Art museum">Art museum</a>

<ul><li><a href="Single-artist_museum" title="Single-artist museum">Single-artist museum</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Art_school" title="Art school">Art school</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_art_schools_in_Europe" title="List of art schools in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Arts_centre" title="Arts centre">Arts centre</a></li>

<li><a href="Arts_festival" title="Arts festival">Arts festival</a></li>

<li><a href="Artist_collective" title="Artist collective">Artist collective</a></li>

<li><a href="Artist_cooperative" title="Artist cooperative">Artist cooperative</a></li>

<li><a href="Artist-in-residence" title="Artist-in-residence">Artist-in-residence program</a></li>

<li><a href="Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li>

<li><a href="Artist-run_space" title="Artist-run space">Artist-run space</a></li>

<li><a href="Biennale" title="Biennale">Biennale</a></li>

<li><a href="Commission_(art)" title="Commission (art)">Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="Sculpture_garden" title="Sculpture garden">Sculpture garden</a></li>

<li><a href="Sculpture_trail" title="Sculpture trail">Sculpture trail</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_museum" title="Virtual museum">Virtual museum</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_art" title="Timeline of art">Timeline of art</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_history" title="Art history">Art history (academic study)</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">Art manifesto</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_movement" title="Art movement">Art movements</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">Criticism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">feminist</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="History_of_painting" title="History of painting">History of painting</a>

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_painting_history" title="Outline of painting history">outline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">Periods in Western art history</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_20th_century_printmaking_in_America" title="Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America">Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Art_market" title="Art market">Art market</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Catalogue_raisonn%C3%A9" title="Catalogue raisonné">Catalogue raisonné</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Classificatory_disputes_about_art" title="Classificatory disputes about art">Classificatory disputes</a></li>

<li><a href="Collection_Management_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Collection Management Policy">Museum collection management</a>

<ul><li><a href="Deaccessioning_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaccessioning (museum)">deaccessioning</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage">Conservation-restoration</a>

<ul><li><a href="Conservation_and_restoration_of_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of paintings">paintings</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cultural_policy" title="Cultural policy">Cultural policy</a></li>

<li><a href="Depiction" title="Depiction">Depiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Destination_painting" title="Destination painting">Destination painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Eclecticism_in_art" title="Eclecticism in art">Eclecticism in art</a></li>

<li><a href="Economics_of_the_arts_and_literature" title="Economics of the arts and literature">Economics of art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Art_finance" title="Art finance">art finance</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_valuation" title="Art valuation">art valuation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Elements_of_art" title="Elements of art">Elements of art</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_forgery" title="Art forgery">Forgery</a></li>

<li><a href="Index_of_painting-related_articles" title="Index of painting-related articles">Index of painting-related articles</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_the_visual_arts" title="Outline of the visual arts">Outline of the visual arts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_painting" title="Outline of painting">painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_sculpture" title="Outline of sculpture">sculpture</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Provenance" title="Provenance">Provenance</a></li>

<li><a href="Sociology_of_art" title="Sociology of art">Sociology of art</a></li>

<li><a href="Style_(visual_arts)" title="Style (visual arts)">Style</a></li>

<li><a href="Unfinished_creative_work" title="Unfinished creative work">Unfinished work</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_art_magazines" title="List of art magazines">Art magazines</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_art_media" title="List of art media">Art media</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_art_techniques" title="List of art techniques">Art techniques</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">Art movements</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_art_museums" title="List of art museums">Art museums</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_largest_art_museums" title="List of largest art museums">largest</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_most-visited_art_museums" title="List of most-visited art museums">most visited</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sculpture_parks" title="List of sculpture parks">sculpture parks</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_single-artist_museums" title="List of single-artist museums">single artist</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_art_reference_books" title="List of art reference books">Art reference books</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_colossal_sculptures_in_situ" title="List of colossal sculptures in situ">Colossal sculptures in situ</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_contemporary_artists" title="List of contemporary artists">Contemporary artists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_contemporary_art_galleries" title="List of contemporary art galleries">Contemporary art galleries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_modern_artists" title="List of modern artists">Modern artists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_national_galleries" title="List of national galleries">National galleries</a></li>

<li><a href="Lists_of_painters" title="Lists of painters">Painters</a>

<li><a href="Lists_of_painters_by_nationality" title="Lists of painters by nationality">by nationality</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sculptors" title="List of sculptors">Sculptors</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_female_sculptors" title="List of female sculptors">female</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_stolen_paintings" title="List of stolen paintings">Stolen paintings</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_most_expensive_paintings" title="List of most expensive paintings">Most expensive paintings</a>, <a href="List_of_most_expensive_sculptures" title="List of most expensive sculptures">sculptures</a>, <a href="List_of_most_expensive_artworks_by_living_artists" title="List of most expensive artworks by living artists">works by living artists</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Portal%3APainting" title="Portal:Painting">Painting portal</a></li>

<li><a href="Portal%3AVisual_arts" title="Portal:Visual arts">Visual arts portal</a></li>

<li><a href="Portal%3AArts" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Arts">Arts portal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-08" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Design_elements&oldid=1299462264">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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